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Joseph Mallord William Turner
English Romantic Painter, 1775-1851 Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 ?C 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. Although Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, he is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Turner's talent was recognised early in his life. Financial independence allowed Turner to innovate freely; his mature work is characterised by a chromatic palette and broadly applied atmospheric washes of paint. According to David Piper's The Illustrated History of Art, his later pictures were called "fantastic puzzles." However, Turner was still recognised as an artistic genius: the influential English art critic John Ruskin described Turner as the artist who could most "stirringly and truthfully measure the moods of Nature." (Piper 321) Suitable vehicles for Turner's imagination were to be found in the subjects of shipwrecks, fires (such as the burning of Parliament in 1834, an event which Turner rushed to witness first-hand, and which he transcribed in a series of watercolour sketches), natural catastrophes, and natural phenomena such as sunlight, storm, rain, and fog. He was fascinated by the violent power of the sea, as seen in Dawn after the Wreck (1840) and The Slave Ship (1840). Turner placed human beings in many of his paintings to indicate his affection for humanity on the one hand (note the frequent scenes of people drinking and merry-making or working in the foreground), but its vulnerability and vulgarity amid the 'sublime' nature of the world on the other hand. 'Sublime' here means awe-inspiring, savage grandeur, a natural world unmastered by man, evidence of the power of God - a theme that artists and poets were exploring in this period. The significance of light was to Turner the emanation of God's spirit and this was why he refined the subject matter of his later paintings by leaving out solid objects and detail, concentrating on the play of light on water, the radiance of skies and fires. Although these late paintings appear to be 'impressionistic' and therefore a forerunner of the French school, Turner was striving for expression of spirituality in the world, rather than responding primarily to optical phenomena. Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway painted (1844).His early works, such as Tintern Abbey (1795), stayed true to the traditions of English landscape. However, in Hannibal Crossing the Alps (1812), an emphasis on the destructive power of nature had already come into play. His distinctive style of painting, in which he used watercolour technique with oil paints, created lightness, fluency, and ephemeral atmospheric effects. (Piper 321) One popular story about Turner, though it likely has little basis in reality, states that he even had himself "tied to the mast of a ship in order to experience the drama" of the elements during a storm at sea. In his later years he used oils ever more transparently, and turned to an evocation of almost pure light by use of shimmering colour. A prime example of his mature style can be seen in Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway, where the objects are barely recognizable. The intensity of hue and interest in evanescent light not only placed Turner's work in the vanguard of English painting, but later exerted an influence upon art in France, as well; the Impressionists, particularly Claude Monet, carefully studied his techniques.

 

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Joseph Mallord William Turner Buttermere Lake : A Shower oil painting

Painting ID::  3209

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Buttermere Lake : A Shower
1798 Tate Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Fishermen at Sea  (The Cholmeley Sea Piece) oil painting

Painting ID::  3210

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Fishermen at Sea (The Cholmeley Sea Piece)
1796 Tate Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Dolbadern Castle oil painting

Painting ID::  3211

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Dolbadern Castle
1799 Tate Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The Bay of Baiaae with Apollo and the Sibyl oil painting

Painting ID::  3212

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Bay of Baiaae with Apollo and the Sibyl
1823 Tate Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Rome from the Vatican oil painting

Painting ID::  3213

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Rome from the Vatican
1820 Tate Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Sunrise Between Two Headlands oil painting

Painting ID::  3214

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Sunrise Between Two Headlands
Tate Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Keelman Heaving in Coals by Night oil painting

Painting ID::  3215

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Keelman Heaving in Coals by Night
1835 36 1/4" x 48 1/4" The National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Mortlake Terrace oil painting

Painting ID::  3216

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Mortlake Terrace
1826 36 1/4" x 48 1/8" The National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The Burning of the Houses of Parliament oil painting

Painting ID::  3217

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Burning of the Houses of Parliament
1834 Philadelphia Museum of Art
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus oil painting

Painting ID::  3218

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus
1829 National Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Dido Building Carthage oil painting

Painting ID::  3219

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Dido Building Carthage
1815 National Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Hero and Leander oil painting

Painting ID::  3220

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Hero and Leander
National Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The Burning of the Houses of Parliament oil painting

Painting ID::  3221

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Burning of the Houses of Parliament
1834 Cleveland Museum of Art
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The Passage of the St.Gothard oil painting

Painting ID::  3222

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Passage of the St.Gothard
1804 Abbot Hall Art Gallery, Kendal, Cumbria
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The Fifth Plague of Egypt oil painting

Painting ID::  3223

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Fifth Plague of Egypt
1800 Indianapolis Museum of Art
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The Fighting Temeraire oil painting

Painting ID::  3232

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Fighting Temeraire
1838 The National Gallery
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner The Slave Ship oil painting

Painting ID::  3233

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Slave Ship
1840 National Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Snowstorm Steamboat off Harbor's Mouth oil painting

Painting ID::  3234

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Snowstorm Steamboat off Harbor's Mouth
1842 National Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Peace oil painting

Painting ID::  3235

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Peace
1842 Tate Gallery, London
   
   
     

 

 

Joseph Mallord William Turner Approach to Venice oil painting

Painting ID::  3236

X 
 

Joseph Mallord William Turner
Approach to Venice
1843 24 1/2" x 37" National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
   
   
     

 

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Joseph Mallord William Turner
English Romantic Painter, 1775-1851 Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 ?C 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. Although Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, he is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Turner's talent was recognised early in his life. Financial independence allowed Turner to innovate freely; his mature work is characterised by a chromatic palette and broadly applied atmospheric washes of paint. According to David Piper's The Illustrated History of Art, his later pictures were called "fantastic puzzles." However, Turner was still recognised as an artistic genius: the influential English art critic John Ruskin described Turner as the artist who could most "stirringly and truthfully measure the moods of Nature." (Piper 321) Suitable vehicles for Turner's imagination were to be found in the subjects of shipwrecks, fires (such as the burning of Parliament in 1834, an event which Turner rushed to witness first-hand, and which he transcribed in a series of watercolour sketches), natural catastrophes, and natural phenomena such as sunlight, storm, rain, and fog. He was fascinated by the violent power of the sea, as seen in Dawn after the Wreck (1840) and The Slave Ship (1840). Turner placed human beings in many of his paintings to indicate his affection for humanity on the one hand (note the frequent scenes of people drinking and merry-making or working in the foreground), but its vulnerability and vulgarity amid the 'sublime' nature of the world on the other hand. 'Sublime' here means awe-inspiring, savage grandeur, a natural world unmastered by man, evidence of the power of God - a theme that artists and poets were exploring in this period. The significance of light was to Turner the emanation of God's spirit and this was why he refined the subject matter of his later paintings by leaving out solid objects and detail, concentrating on the play of light on water, the radiance of skies and fires. Although these late paintings appear to be 'impressionistic' and therefore a forerunner of the French school, Turner was striving for expression of spirituality in the world, rather than responding primarily to optical phenomena. Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway painted (1844).His early works, such as Tintern Abbey (1795), stayed true to the traditions of English landscape. However, in Hannibal Crossing the Alps (1812), an emphasis on the destructive power of nature had already come into play. His distinctive style of painting, in which he used watercolour technique with oil paints, created lightness, fluency, and ephemeral atmospheric effects. (Piper 321) One popular story about Turner, though it likely has little basis in reality, states that he even had himself "tied to the mast of a ship in order to experience the drama" of the elements during a storm at sea. In his later years he used oils ever more transparently, and turned to an evocation of almost pure light by use of shimmering colour. A prime example of his mature style can be seen in Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway, where the objects are barely recognizable. The intensity of hue and interest in evanescent light not only placed Turner's work in the vanguard of English painting, but later exerted an influence upon art in France, as well; the Impressionists, particularly Claude Monet, carefully studied his techniques.